Do we conduct an electrician to a private frame house or cottage with our own hands? Review + Video

Electrical wiring in any private house, regardless of its size, simply has to be safe.

Therefore, the requirements for its high-quality conduct are so high.

It is permissible to make it with your own hands, but during operation all known installation rules must be observed. All works are usually divided into several episodes.

[contents ]

Step-by-step work algorithm:

• Receiving the project, calculation of the estimated capacity;
• Selection of accessories: cables for electricity, elements for installation, the necessary electrical equipment;
• Input of electricity into the frame house, installation of a distribution board, connection of a meter and an input switch;
• Wiring a cable by points;
• Arrangement of switches, sockets, lighting devices;
• Verification, final tests.

We make a project for an electrician in the house

To draw up the correct electrical diagram of a private house with your hands, you first need to determine the total power of the equipment. What should be the sequence of work?

Approximate plan:

1. On the existing plan of the dwelling, it is necessary to mark the future arrangement of devices for lighting, necessary sockets, equipment with own connection.
2. On the diagram we indicate the highest power of electrical appliances.
3. Lighting devices must be connected to separate power groups. The number of these groups depends on the power of these devices and the size of the house itself.

   If it is small, then one group is enough for lamps.

4. High power household appliances are allocated to an individual power supply group, with its own automatic switch. These are electric boilers, electric furnaces, water heaters, convectors, stoves - everything that requires high power. A separate cable is mounted for them.
5. Street lighting.

   If housing is used as a summer residence, then it is convenient to make a separate switch to illuminate the yard. This is convenient: during your absence, you can de-energize your home without affecting the outdoor lighting.

All these points should be considered when arranging an electrician in a private house.

Selecting the phases

Since the number of active equipment in houses are constantly increasing, accordingly, the consumption of electrical energy increases. More recently, the number of energy-consuming appliances in the house was limited to a stove, a few light bulbs, and a TV with a refrigerator.

Today, it is a real kaleidoscope of various devices powered by the network - there are numerous kitchen appliances, and all kinds of household appliances, and heating elements, and special construction devices. Therefore, it looks quite natural that often in private households the owners began to abandon single-phase cables, preferring three-phase cables.

For some reason, users believe that a three-phase system more reliably provides the used power, allowing several energy consumers to operate simultaneously.

In fact, the permitted power is always indicated in those. condition for a specific connection, and should be guided by it.

Usually this number is 15 kW for household needs for a three-phase connection, and 10-15 kW for a single-phase network.

In other words, the benefit is either insignificant or none at all. The meter for a three-phase network is quite large in size, which for many is a significant drawback. But a separate bonus is the possibility of direct connection to a three-phase network of asynchronous electric drives and heating boilers when heating a frame house with electricity. This is a clear advantage.

Switching on powerful consumers does not cause "phase imbalance". In a three-phase network, the normal operating voltage is almost 380 V, and this requires careful provision of safety issues, especially in a frame house.

Three-phase input: pluses

Undoubted advantages of three-phase input:

• Possibility of load redistribution;
• Permissible increase (in some cases) of the permitted power;
• Direct connection of three-phase consumers.

It is more expedient to use such an input in rather large houses with at least 100 squares of usable area.

With a large number of single-phase consumers, in this case, it is much easier to evenly distribute the load on the electrics in the frame house. Well, for the most powerful three-phase consumers, this is the best option.

Three-phase input: minuses

Minuses are present along with pluses.

This is the following:

• Permission from local authorities;
• Due to high voltage - increased electrical and fire hazard;
• Large dimensions of switchboards;
• The need to install a surge arrester (modular) in the lead-in switchboard.

Choosing equipment and cable

In order to choose the right cable, you usually have to carry out complex calculations.

But when conducting electricity in a frame house, you can use a special table for this. For each group, a cable of a certain section is selected, in full accordance with its power consumption.

Copper cable NYM or VVGng-LS is most often preferred for wiring.

1. The first type has additional insulation, and therefore has greater reliability.
2. The second has a more attractive price.

   For this purpose, an aluminum cable is also used, but its cross section will be larger. In addition, its rather brittle veins can suffer from kinks.

Sockets are connected using a three-core cable with an obligatory grounding wire. The fact is that most of the devices used need to be grounded. According to the rules for arranging electrical installations, grounding is also required for lighting, but this rule is often neglected.

However, when planning the installation of serious lighting fixtures (floodlight, powerful luminaire), it is recommended to carry out the wiring in accordance with existing standards.

Wiring in a private house can be hidden and external (external).

How to choose the right switches and sockets? Focusing on important parameters:

• Current;
• What type of wiring is planned ( external or hidden);
• Switches are selected according to the required number of keys; they are often combined into one block;
• Sockets are selected according to the number of required places.

Power supply and input machine

The input cable is selected based on from the maximum power of all electrical equipment available in the house. Particular attention is paid to this when reconstructing electrical wiring.

When replacing cables and increasing the rating of the switches, pay attention to the input cable: whether it has a sufficient cross-section. If it is less than necessary, a fire may occur with a noticeably increased load.

To replace the lead-in cable, it is imperative to involve an organization dealing with energy supply.

Usually, a meter is installed at the same time (and sealed).

But under increased workload, it should not react in this way. A three-pole circuit breaker is installed for a three-phase network, two-pole or single-pole (zero and phase are brought in) for a single-phase network.

An automatic switch is often installed after the counter. You can do this before installing the meter, but then it will have to be sealed. Automatic switches for individual power supply groups, a meter, an RCD and an input automatic device are mounted in an electrical distribution board, the body of which must be grounded. All equipment is placed on a special DIN-rail, then, according to the electrical diagram in a private house, wiring is carried out.

Sockets, switches, cables: routing and installation

Before proceeding with the laying of the cable, they are determined with the route: they make markings for switches, sockets and lighting devices, mount junction boxes.

If an external laying system is assumed, then the cable is placed in a special channel made of self-extinguishing plastic.

It is a neat box with a lid with a latch, and can be of different sizes. Usually it has a white color, but in another version it perfectly imitates natural wood. As a result, it does not compromise the aesthetics of log walls. If your plan is to maintain the aesthetics of an electrical home , keep this in mind.

The important part: grounding

Most household appliances made from various metals. According to the operating conditions, they need grounding.

When wiring in a private house, it can also be done independently.

This will require three corners or pins made of metal, up to 3 meters in length. To connect them, meter-long corner cuts are suitable.

The technology of work is as follows:

• They dig a triangular pit with one meter sides, with a depth of 0.3 meters. Cooked corners or pins are hammered into its corners.

• They are securely connected to each other by welding and short sections.
• A hole is made in one corner, the conductor is secured with a nut and bolt, then the grounding conductor is brought out to the switchboard.
• It and all grounding cable conductors (they are yellow-green) are securely connected to the ground bus.

Wiring quality test

Even if you did an electrician in a frame house according to an educational video, strictly following the rules and regulations, after installation, you need to invite the official representatives of the electrical laboratory. They will perform all important measurements: phase-zero resistance of the loop and grounding conductor, insulation resistance, RCD testing and automatic loading of machines.

Upon completion of the work, the homeowner will receive a document confirming the correctness of all electrical work. It may be needed when sealing the meter. The wiring diagram with comments and corrections is usually glued from the inside of the switchboard.

If repair or adjustment work is required, this will facilitate the actions of the foremen. It should be noted on the diagram what group it is connected to and which machine supplies which group.

Even in a frame house made of wood, electrical wiring, made in accordance with all the rules and in compliance with the norms, will last a long time - while being completely safe.

( 3 marks, average 5 of 5 )