Do we do the installation of sewer pipes in a private house? + Video

The sewer system is a necessary element of comfort in a private house or in the country. It performs important functions of cleansing the home from odor and impurities. Poor piping installation can cause blockages and unpleasant odors.

Not everyone knows how to install sewer pipes. Most entrust this work only to professionals.

But, observing the technology, the sewage system can be equipped with your own hands.

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Basic installation rules

The main difficulties lie not only in the specificity of installation work, the correct selection of materials, equipment and components, but also in compliance with the rules and regulations.

Slope of the pipeline

The main sewerage mechanism is the natural (non-pressure) waste flow through pipes. Correct installation is carried out with a slope of 2-15% to the internal pipeline, external sewerage and septic tank. The exact angle is determined individually.

For these purposes, special tables are used with average values ​​for plumbing fixtures and pipes of different lengths and diameters. The slope of the pipes is fixed with brackets attached to the walls.

It is often impossible to create the desired pipe slope in the basement and in the basement. For this, pumping equipment is installed.

Pipe diameter

There is a certain norm for the ratio of pipe diameters: the difference between the pipe diameter at the point where the plumbing fixtures are connected to the sewerage system and between the pipe diameter that goes into the septic tank should be 2-15 cm.

Universal pipe diameters for different sections of the sewer system:

• For a washbasin and bidet - 32 - 40 mm;
• For a sink and a bath - 50 mm;
• For a toilet bowl, a drain pipe for a drain - 100 mm;
• For a riser and connection points of several plumbing fixtures - 70 - 85 mm.

Insulation of sewer pipes

According to the rules of installation, pipes are insulated by wrapping them with glass wool or fiberglass, covering with polyethylene.

Ventilation system

Ventilation - regulates the pressure and vaporization of gases during the flow of waste water. For this purpose, ventilation hatches, wells, valves are installed in the internal and external sewage system.

If there are several collectors in the house, ventilation must be provided in all.

Ventilation is brought out through the walls and roof.

If the length of the connection between the pipeline and the toilet is more than 1 m, and all other plumbing fixtures are more than 3 m, they must be equipped with an additional ventilation pipe that carries gases out through the roof.

Pipes and their elements and connection methods

Parts of internal sewerage:

• socket connectors;
• special sewer piping;
• ordinary sewer riser;
• discharge pipes;
• deflector;
• floor-mounted drain

The reliability of pipe connections in the sewage system affects the durability of its service. Carefully study the characteristics of pipe materials, types of connections, materials and elements that you need. These are various tees, adapters, couplings, crosses, fittings and parts of bends that connect pipes.

Pipes of different materials can be used for installation. The most popular are plastic and cast iron. Moreover, the latter are capricious in care and laborious to install. Therefore, plastic is most often installed. Plastic differs from cast iron and metal products in that it does not burst, does not corrode and is light enough.

Typically used for sewerage systems:

• polyethylene (PE);
• polyethylene low pressure (HDPE);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• reinforced and unreinforced polypropylene (PP);
• metal-plastic.

It is also necessary to master the methods of joining pipes made of various materials:

• welding;
• threaded connections;
• in the socket;
• electrofusion connections;
• flange connections.

Preparing for installation

First, decide which devices and where you will install. Make a plan, think about what components are required for the normal operation of the devices. Calculate all sizes.

You may need:

• grinder or hacksaw for metal;
• drill or hammer;
• assembly gun;
• chisel;
• screwdrivers;
• hammer ;
• adjustable wrench.

Cutting plastic pipes

Often, special tools and devices are required to cut such pipes. Poorly cut and uncleaned ends leave gaps in the joints, allowing household waste to seep.

Tools used for cutting plastic pipes:

• pipe cutter. The roller is suitable for cutting pipes with a diameter of up to 38 mm.

  It makes the cuts neat, chipping free, without bending the pipe. The roller adjusts the tightness of the connection of its cutting sections to the pipes. The disadvantage of a pipe cutter is the need for a large work space. If you need to cut a pipe arranged near a wall, he will have nowhere to turn around. For such sections, single-pass pipe cutters are used.

• special scissors and guillotines. They usually come with soldering irons or welding machines and feature a sharp knife with a flat short and wide blade, and a semicircular holder located under the knife. Good scissors cut pipes up to 42 mm in diameter. The disadvantage is strong hand tension.
• beveler.

  Its task is to remove the edge of the pipe ends to improve adhesion during their welding. Manual bevellers can work with pipes 40 - 300 mm.

• caliber or calibrator.Cleans the aluminum layer of the pipe ends before brazing, and also removes chamfers, burrs and other irregularities. The calibrators perfectly align the shape of the pipe cut.

  Moreover, each calibrator only works with a certain pipe diameter.

Installation of plastic pipes

For the correct connection and laying of plastic pipes, it is important to keep in mind the peculiarities of their installation, for example , then that:

• all types of threaded connection of plastic pipes are sealed with rubber gaskets, or FUM-tape;
• when connecting to a socket, only rubber gaskets are used, and when connecting plastic pipe with metal, use seals.
• when threading plastic pipes with couplings, insert the beveled pipe into the coupling to the end, and then push it back. This will prevent the pipe from deformation during expansion during hot water drainage;
• for sewage pipes for hot water drainage, it is necessary to mount a movable connection of sections, for which threaded connections are often used.
• when connecting plumbing to the sewerage, you need to use flexible connections: corrugations, hoses, soft pipes.

Installation of a sewerage system made of plastic:

• we make markings on the walls, floor, at the points of connection to plumbing fixtures, at the joints of pipes and pipes that discharge drains;
• we lay and connect pipes by welding, special connecting elements and fasteners;
• elbows or bends that have slopes, we attach to pipes or plumbing fixtures with adapters ... We use fittings if you need to make a branch from one pipeline to another.

Cast iron pipe installation diagram:

• the tail part of the pipe without a socket is inserted into the socket of another installed pipe;
• all gaps between the edges are sealed with a sealant (linen tow soaked in grease, engine oil or other grease).

  We hammer it 2/3 into the cracks using a spatula made of wood;

• fill the remaining distance with a non-impregnated sealant;
• then fill the socket with cement and tamp it;
• lay wet on top of the cement fabric to prevent cracking;
• you can use a special plumbing sealant, bitumen mastic and asbestos-cement mixture
• for these purposes, where a connection of cast iron and plastic pipes is required, we use special couplings and adapters.

Features of the toilet bowl installation

The most important part of the work is the toilet bowl device. We connect it to the sewage system using a plastic pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. Then we make a smooth transition to the 50 mm pipe. To do this, use a short bridge of 100 mm, then go to 50 mm.

Do not use right angle adapters. It will be more competent to use two 45 degree adapters.The pipes are joined through gaskets, but it is better to additionally use a silicone sealant.