Features of plumbing wiring. Collector, tee, with pass-through sockets.

Plumbing wiring is an important stage in building a house.

The effective work of all plumbing fixtures in your home will depend on how well it is done. This work can well be done even by a novice master, the main thing is to know all the basic principles of work, as well as to deal with all the nuances. Plus, doing the routing yourself will save you a lot of budget.

Highlights of the layout. The work begins with the implementation of a future breeding project.

This will help you accurately determine the place for each plumbing fixture, determine the consumables and select the necessary pipeline elements.

A list of all planned devices in the bathroom is made. Moreover, if the bathroom and toilet are located in different rooms, then the wiring is designed for each separately. The fact is that stand-alone installation cannot be performed due to associated communications.

General information

Note: Plumbing fixtures, these are sinks and sinks, bathtub and shower, toilet bowls and cisterns.

Once the list of plumbing is completed, they are determined with pipes that are supplied to the household appliance. A high-quality plan takes into account all plumbing, valves, meters and other auxiliary components of the structure.

Standard piping pattern:

• The bathtub is connected to cold and hot water supply, and sewerage;
• Sewer pipes are connected to the sink, as well as hot and cold water;
• To the bidet, similar to the first two points;
• The washing machine is connected to a cold water supply and a sewer pipe.

Next is the construction of the project diagram. What are the measurements of the room for?

Important: When planning a project, the accuracy of measurements of both the room itself and each plumbing device is extremely important. This is necessary so that the equipment fits into the room as accurately as possible.

Another important point is adherence to the recommended sequence of plumbing. So, for example, the toilet must be placed closer to the riser.

There are plumbing installation requirements regarding the sewer riser:

• The toilet is installed first from the riser. It is better to use a fitting to connect its outlet to the riser. If it will be located at a great distance from the riser, have pipeline bends, this will be an obstacle to its normal functioning due to constant blockages;
• Plumbing fixtures must be located so that the drainage of their drains passes through the toilet. This is good in terms of preventing blockages in pipes.

• In addition to the toilet, next to the riser, it is worth placing a bath or a cabin with a low drain. This is done so that there are no problems with the slope.
• The rest of the plumbing can be placed at any distance.

In addition, before that it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical documentation on connecting plumbing equipment. If the documentation provides for a typical version of a single-level arrangement of the pipe and the axis of the sewer outlet of the device, there should be no problems.

And if the connection is not typical, then you need to familiarize yourself with all its nuances.

Basically, there are a lot of connection variations on the toilet. Depending on which model, the drain is straight or inclined, directed to the floor or wall. Also, a non-standard connection can be at the bath and shower, a variety of drain locations. All this must be taken into account when designing.

Pipes can be routed in several ways. After fixing the plumbing, they begin to bring pipes to it.

Important: When placing plumbing fixtures and bathroom furniture, you should take into account the nuance that interior doors should open freely, and each device is convenient to use.

What is the wiring diagram for?

The implementation of the diagram is a mandatory step in order for the result to be of high quality. The diagram specifies the exact number of branches and connections, defines the connection areas, which saves time and materials.

During the design process, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

• Crossing of pipes is not allowed;
• It is necessary to create free access to the connected sections of devices and meters ;
• Sewer pipes and pipes of cold and hot water should be placed nearby so that they can be closed with one box;
• The number of connections should be minimal;
• Material of execution of couplings and pipes should be homogeneous;
• Due to the formation of condensation, it is better to cover the pipes with thermal insulation.

Experts say that you should not complicate the breeding scheme and make it extremely simple. All main pipes are laid under the floor covering, from which water outlets are mounted up the perpendicular by means of tees.

Important: When making drainage bends, it must be borne in mind that they cannot be installed vertically. Such parts will look like a standard tee with a flexible hose guide.

Methods for breeding plumbing

There are three methods of distributing plumbing labor - collector, tee (serial) and a system with gates sockets. The latter type is used extremely rarely and only because it needs an additional pump and a longer pipeline.

With the collector method, each of the devices is connected in parallel to the section of the main main pipe. For which they use a special element called a collector. It is a special device for distributing water flows.

Differs in reliability and practicality due to the connection of each consumer using an individual lead pair.Due to this, the water supplied to the devices can be regulated and completely shut off by taps. Here you can make a hidden gasket, since the supply pipes of the collector dilution have few connecting elements.

Note: The control valves are located on a small manifold located in a special cabinet.

Hence the following advantages of this wiring can be distinguished:

• There are no system pressure drops.

  All devices are supplied with the same good water pressure, even when all the water intake points are simultaneously activated. When a low pressure appears, it is possible to temporarily limit the supply of water to one device, for example, a toilet, to increase the pressure on others.

• If it is necessary to replace or repair devices in the collector wiring, it is possible to disconnect them from the water supply.
• System reliability. Here, each device has its own pipe without connections and unnecessary elements.

  A leak can occur only in the area of ​​the collector or near the device itself, which will be quite easy to determine.

• Another undoubted advantage is its convenient use. If a leaking device, for example, a mixer, occurs, there is no need to flatter under the sink. You just need to close the shut-off valve leading to it on the manifold and call a specialist. In this case, the rest of the devices will be in their normal operating position.

Perhaps the only drawback is that this method will cost more than the serial one. This is due to the need to lay pipes for each device, as well as the device of a manifold and shut-off valves. As for the circuit, it is also much more complicated.

Serial is performed by alternately connecting each plumbing device, using a separate tee, to the main main pipe.

The principle of the device is as follows:

• From risers with cold and hot water supply, a diversion is made to the first consumer;
• A pipe is laid from the first to the second, etc.;
• A tee is installed at each water intake point and a consumer is connected to one of its branches.

In general, the scheme is quite simple. However, this method is most suitable for a small amount of connected plumbing. The fact is that if several water intake points are simultaneously activated, then the pressure in them will decrease and be insufficient for the normal functioning of the devices. For a small apartment with one bathroom, this is the most suitable option.

The main disadvantage of this method is that when replacing or repairing one device, there is no possibility of turning it off.

This scheme is simple, but not very convenient to use.

But there are also advantages here:

• A simple project without complex circuits and installation;
• The most economical option in terms of the amount of material used;
• The possibility of a device with your own hands;
• Performed mainly by an open method.

Types of installation

Piping can be laid by the following methods : open, closed and combined.

Open involves installing pipes on a floor or wall surface. The following advantages of this device stand out:

• Laying any kind of pipes;
• Ease of installation work, as well as maintenance and repair;
• No need for wall chipping; Ease of dismantling work;
• Possibility of constant monitoring of the condition of pipes;
• It is possible to add the necessary new line at any time.

The disadvantages include an unpresentable appearance and the occupation of a useful area.

The latter is extremely inconvenient for small rooms, because useful centimeters will be occupied by water or sewer pipes.

Concealed wiring installation involves laying pipes in walls. With this method, free space is not lost and you can arrange furniture and plumbing fixtures in the most advantageous way.

But, as elsewhere, there are some disadvantages here:

• Limited choice of material for pipes;
• Labor intensity of preparatory measures;
• Difficult pipe installation and connections;
• In the event of a leak, it is impossible to carry out welding work due to the possible destruction of the wall decoration.

When choosing a hidden wiring, you should always have an idea of ​​its layout.

Otherwise, if you need to hang the mirror, you can accidentally make a hole in the pipe.

When combined, the main pipe is placed on the surface of the wall, and then it is masked in a box or false panel. The difficulty here lies in the fact that the sewer pipe should be located as close as possible to the water supply for their joint decoration. A profiled plasterboard box, as well as all kinds of decorative elements made of plastic or tiles, can be a masking material.

The procedure for routing water pipes

The main stages of the wiring are:

• Ball valves are installed from the general hot and cold water supply system at the entrance to the apartment;
• Further, filters are installed in the main outlets for deep purification of the supplied water;
• Installation of metering devices;
• Installation of a pressure reducer to regulate the water supplied to plumbing fixtures;
• Shutting off the common riser, wiring is performed according to the drawn up scheme;
• The dilution ends with end outlets, which with one end is soldered to the pipe, and the other has a thread for connecting a flexible hose.

If there is a heated towel rail in the bathroom, it can be connected to both the hot water supply and the heating system.

Experts are more welcomed by the first method because, when using the second option, it will be operational only during the heating season. This applies to apartment buildings.

When connecting to the hot water supply between the main pipe and the heated towel rail, you will need to install a special jumper or bypass.

Installation of sewer pipes

Assembling the sewer pipeline is not difficult, but a very important measure. When doing this work on your own, it is necessary to put rubber gaskets in all the joint spaces of the pipes.

This is necessary to create a competent connection, excluding leaks and the spread of unpleasant odors.

Important: When laying sewer pipes, there should be a slope of up to three centimeters per 1m of pipe from the plumbing fixture to the main riser.

Conclusion

With careful planning and high-quality work performed, it will be a guarantee of long and uninterrupted operation of your plumbing, and as a result of comfortable living conditions in a house or apartment. The main thing when doing these works with your own hands is not to forget that all the mechanisms and valves were located within quick reach.