Foundation waterproofing

Installation of gluing waterproofing of the foundation - manufacturing instructions

To protect the foundation of the structure from the destructive influence of groundwater during construction, some measures are used, thanks to which the complete waterproofing of the structure will be carried out. The gluing method of insulation has gained immense popularity, in which roll-type materials from bitumen are attached to the surface by gluing.

Glue roll waterproofing of the foundation can be carried out by applying melted bitumen on the base under the influence of high temperature. This type of waterproofing will be characterized by ease of use, excellent water and vapor resistance, and durability.

In certain cases, before the roll waterproofing, a coating application of a bitumen composition is also used, which will improve the adhesion of the material and the surface.

Types of roll waterproofing

There are three main types:

1. Using roll materials for waterproofing, such as roofing felt, glassine and glass-fiber insulation. They will be glued in a couple of layers to the surface of the base and using mastic and using a special adhesive layer.
2. Fastening of material by hot method (surface-mounted). This is all done by heating the working part of the material with a gas burner. When the polymer or bitumen layer melts, excellent bonding to the concrete surface will occur.

3. With the use of waterproofing film materials - diffuse-type membranes, which have a high vapor transmission capacity, which will contribute to excellent protection of the foundation from water and co-control of its level, as well as removal of steam from the inside of the building.

Next, let's talk about how to choose a material.

Selection of insulation for pasting according to operating conditions

Before how to choose the type of insulation of the pasting type, it is important to determine the main conditions under which the foundation will be, and what level of moisture and variety the soil will be. Rolled building materials can be used for both vertical and horizontal insulation, it all depends on the main function that the material must perform, to choose a coating. The bases for roll-type waterproofing may differ from each other, as well as the binding components.

Coating types can differ in different degrees of resistance and strength, resistance to chemical-type components, underground release of radioactive components and pressure of underground waters.

When laying horizontal insulation of slabs made of reinforced concrete of monolithic type with reinforced reinforcement - slab foundation, as a rule, building materials with a reinforced degree of base strength (fiberglass or polymer) are tried on. Attachment of roll-type materials is carried out in a hot way (floating).With the vertical method of foundation insulation with a deep deepening at an elevated level of soil and groundwater, the main component of which will be solid stone, materials with an abrasive powder are used, which have increased resistance to mechanical damage. In places where highly radioactive gas (radon) escapes, it is required to use foil waterproofing, which helps to additionally protect the basement and basement from radiation.

Base (reinforcement)

In order to carry out waterproofing, it is not necessary to use a glass-based material, because it does not have the required resistance to chemical type, and this reduces the duration of the operational life for the base. In order for the waterproofing of the foundation walls to be durable, it is required to use roll materials based on polyester. Due to their high degree of elasticity, they are often used in structures of the building type, in which there can be a strong deformation of the insulation coating. When waterproofing using a material based on oxidized bitumen based on polyester, it does not work, because the deformation properties of the base are significantly greater than the elasticity of oxidized bitumen in a temperature regime equal to zero. In addition, materials based on such a base are characterized by an increased degree of resistance to the effects of a chemically aggressive environment and a longer service life.

Thickness of roll waterproofing

For competent protection of the building foundation from the negative impact of ground (ground) waters, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• The main characteristics of the material used for waterproofing. Even the completeness of the layer, which is enough to manufacture the required protective level of the main building, depends on them. As a rule, the recommended parameters are prescribed by the manufacturer on the material label.
• The depth of the foundation sole. Usually it is no more than 3 meters, which means that the thickness of the waterproofing coating is from 0.

  2 to 0.4 cm, or in 1-2 layers.

Material properties in terms of strength will depend on the thickness of the coating, although with certain limitations. Despite the fact that it is much easier to carry out insulation work in one thick layer, problems can arise when carrying out butt sealing. In addition, the material becomes less elastic.

From all of the above, it follows that the basement waterproofing should be carried out in a pair of thin layers with a total thickness of no more than 0.5 cm foundation, it is important to attach pasting materials after penetrating waterproofing, concrete surface treatment with a coating solution.

General technology

Preparation works for roll insulation have certain stages.The same steps are followed when performing gluing foundation waterproofing.

1. Leveling of the foundation surface, elimination of protrusions and grouting of cavities, cavities with cement mortar - complete correction of concreting flaws.

2. Filling of expansion joint sealants.
3. Surface Preparation - Substrate must be dry, debris, free of debris, rust and paint in order to maintain excellent adhesion.
4. Surface priming and drying.
5. Treatment of the base with a waterproofing compound and complete hardening.

Self-adhesive waterproofing materials are attached to the prepared base, pressing them tightly and rolling over them with a roller.

If the insulation will be carried out on a horizontal surface, then the layout should be selected in such a way that the least number of seams appears. The length of the canvases must necessarily correspond to the foundation height for vertical waterproofing. the permissible overlap of the strips is 1-1. 5 cm, and the second layer should be applied with the center of the canvases on the joint of the old ones, observing a checkerboard pattern. The joints should be coated with glue or polymer-based mastic.

Materials that are used to protect foundations from water can be attached by floating method. Due to the bitumen layers of mastic applied to them, it is required to process them by means of high temperature. For this, a special gas burner is used. In the process of work, it is important to participate together, and this especially applies to the implementation of waterproofing on a vertical surface. The roll is required to be laid with the working side to the base, and constantly warming up, roll out and press down to the foundation surface.

Those waterproofing materials that need to be glued with your own hands should be laid in this way, but only after using the adhesive. As for how many layers it is important to apply, it will depend on the water pressure - with infiltrating water at least 2 layers, and 3 layers at least with a hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0.1 MPa and more. Vertical waterproofing requires additional protection of building concrete and brick structures or buildings made of insulation. Otherwise, the glued waterproofing of the foundation can be damaged during settlement of the building foundations and with regular movement of soil.

The device for waterproofing the foundation is such that when waterproofing horizontal and vertical surfaces, it is important to adhere to an overlap at the corners of at least 0.3 meters. When installing a pipe drainage system, the insulation must be lower than the drainage level so that water flows through the pipes. If the groundwater is at a high level, then drainage will be carried out along the entire length of the foundation below to the depth of laying.The filling is carried out with coarse quartz, which will easily let the liquid pass through, and it is also collected in a certain place in the drainage system, which helps to reduce the pressure on the insulation coatings.

To protect the foundation from precipitation, a blind area should be made that perform waterproofing functions. We propose to consider in detail the technology of waterproofing by means of a rolled membrane material.

Vertical roll waterproofing technology

So, the method is as follows:

1. Removing surface defects - grooves, cracks, greasy stains, foam and other things. Removing protruding reinforcement elements.
2. Installation of fillets on inner corners or their reinforcement using waterproofing tapes and polymer-based mastic.

3. Securing the rondels at the base of the building at a distance of 1-1. 5 meters horizontally and 2 meters vertically.
4. A roll of waterproofing material is cut out, and, moreover, the allowance for the welded joint is a seam, which should be from 10 cm.
5. Waterproof materials are attached by means of resistance spot welding with previously fixed rondels, a thermal hairdryer is used ..

   . The joints of the strips are welded with a continuous double seam with gaps between the lines of a couple of centimeters.

And consider one more technology for performing waterproofing.

Technology of horizontal roll waterproofing

There are other stages:

1. Preparation - in this case, if waterproofing should protect from nearby groundwater, then the membrane will be laid on the prepared backfill. The area should be cleared, leveled, and all the necessary markings should be made, and then the area will be backfilled with sand.

2. Geotextiles should be laid on the compacted sand in one layer, the overlap of the canvases is approximately 15 cm.
3. Next, the membrane layer should be installed with a minimum overlap of 10 cm strips. prospective welding of canvases. Seam welding is carried out by means of a semi-automatic welding machine or manual equipment - silicone and hot air gun or Teflon pressure roller.
4. In order to create a quality weld, it is necessary to select the correct welding temperature setting.

   Double seam - the first strip should be at least 1.5 cm and the air pocket and new strip should be 1.5 m.

5. Check the quality of the seam.
6. Additional covering by means of geotextiles, and the places of fastening of the welds with a construction hairdryer.

7. Installation of polyethylene film (200 microns).
8. Concrete screed creation.

Upon completion of the external waterproofing of the foundation, there is a possibility that you will need to additionally waterproof the basement inside.In this case, roll-up waterproofing of the foundation can be applied, but compositions with deep penetration and treatment of wall surfaces in the basement with different mastics are more common.

Results

The company from the Russian Federation Technonikol provides excellent protection of structures of a building type and buildings from aggressive environmental influences.

Such material can even withstand the effects of microscopic organisms, and also has excellent resistance to various mechanical loads. Such materials for thermal insulation protect the structure from a large number of chemically active compounds, the pressure of water underground, atmospheric precipitation, have excellent mechanical strength necessary for the movement of the soil, which can destroy the integrity of the waterproofing coating. The video below shows the waterproofing device.