How to calculate the foundation for a house for different types of private houses: What load is permissible? + Video

An important point in building a house is a competent calculation of the foundation. The reliability of the foundation determines the stability and durability of the entire structure, and this is exactly what we are trying to achieve by planning to build a house with our own hands.

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What determines the choice of foundation

The choice of a particular type of foundation will depend on the type of soil, the type of structure being built, and the features of the structure of the house and the financial capabilities of the developer.

The type of soil (soil) is determined by a simple test, during which a hole is dug in several places on the building site with a depth of at least 2 meters.

The greatest bearing capacity is possessed by rocky and semi-rocky soils, but they are rather rare and in certain areas.

These are soils that are practically not subject to heaving forces and allow the construction of buildings on any type of foundations, with the exception of pile foundations.

However, most often private developers have to deal with clay, sandy, peat , silty soils or loam.

Since these soils are heaving, the choice of the foundation will depend on some characteristics:

• heaving layer,
• freezing,
• groundwater (presence and level of location)

As a rule, when digging a foundation pit or installing piles, part of the heaving layer of soil is replaced by non-heaving sand. This adds to the foundation of sustainability.

The degree of foundation deepening depends on freezing.

The best is to deepen the foundation below the freezing mark.

Groundwater also influences the choice of foundation type. So, with a sufficiently close lack of groundwater (1 meter deep into the ground), it is best to choose a slab base for a house on such a site. With a deeper location, other options are possible, for example, an unburied strip foundation.

Area of ​​the base of the foundation

the thickness of the sole of the foundation is an important stage in the construction of a house.

This stage disappears if you decide to arrange a slab foundation under the house, because in this case the base slab is located over the entire area of ​​the building's base.

However, if you have opted for a different type of foundation, the calculation of the sole will help not only to arrange a foundation of the required thickness, which will firmly and reliably hold the walls of the house, but also will avoid unnecessary costs for building a foundation. The correct calculation will help you understand how massive the foundation should be for your particular home and will save you from having to spend extra money on the foundation of the house, if this is not necessary.

Here is the formula for calculating the area of ​​the basement base: S. 1.

2 F / (b * R).

The following variables are substituted into the formula:

• S (sole area, units of measurement - cm2);
• 1.2 (increasing the coefficient of reliability );
• F (weight of the future house, units of measurement - kg),
• R (used for calculations of the resistance of the base, bearing capacity, units of measurement - kg / cm2,).
• b (coefficient of working conditions, taken from the table, depending on the type of soil on the site).

The weight of the house includes the total weight of the structure of the house itself, the weight of the foundation, the operating load (approximate weight of future residents, furniture, heating appliances, etc.

) and seasonal loads (snow layer on the roof ).

The design resistance will depend on the type of soil and the depth of the foundation and is calculated in accordance with the data of the SNiP 2. 02. 01-83 * tables.

As we can see from the formula, an important component for calculating the sole is the weight of the future structure (house or other building).

Total weight of the house structure

calculating the total weight of a house in construction, tables are used, which show the approximate weight of house structures, depending on the material of their execution.

These values ​​are shown in the table below.

Using this data, you will calculate the total weight of the house. To do this, we calculate the area of ​​each part of the house (walls, floors, floors and ceilings, roofs, etc.) and multiply the resulting value by the value given in the table.

Do not forget to add the weight of the foundation itself, operational and seasonal loads to the obtained value.

Online calculators

To calculate the foundation, there are online calculators that are already available on the Internet and will soon be implemented on our website. Using this calculator, you can calculate the total length and area of ​​the base of the grillage, the total volume of concrete, etc.