DIY surface drainage system. To prevent the possible damage caused by melt water and heavy rainfall, you can use the creation of a surface drainage system. Such a system will serve to collect and drain water from excess atmospheric precipitation, which often flood adjacent areas, and at the same time fruit trees (and other plantations), basements and foundations.
In the article we will talk about the surface drainage system.
Advantages of surface drainage
The arrangement of the system does not require serious financial investments due to the reduction of earthworks.
As a result, the likelihood of violation of the structural strength of the soil will decrease, that is, subsidence will form.
They are also ideal for places where it is not possible to carry out deep work (architectural monuments and underground communications).
These are excellent characteristics that fully justify the use of surface drainage.
Varieties of water drainage systems
Water disposal is part of the storm sewage system, and it is used for the arrangement of public and private territories. There are two types of systems - point and linear.
The system is ideal for collecting water from roof gutters. Also, its installation will be advisable for areas that are small in area or have certain restrictions for arranging a linear type of drainage.
Its installation is required in areas where there is clay soil, or the slope is greater than 3 degrees.
Each of the systems differs in that it works efficiently, but their combination is the best option for creating a water drainage system.
Drainage device
For the organization of water drainage of a point or linear type, various devices and elements are usually used, in which each component will have its own purpose. Competent unification helps to bring everything to effective work.
Gutter
Gutters are an integral part of linear surface drainage systems, and are required in order to collect sediment and melt water .
.. After that, excess moisture must be sent to the sewer, or although taken away from the site.
Despite the fact that they have high technical characteristics (frost resistance and strength) of the material used, they have a load limit, namely up to 25 tons. Such gutters are usually installed on a suburban area, pedestrian crossing, paths for cyclists, i.e. where high mechanical impacts are not provided.
They are able to withstand fairly solid loads. Installation of such trays will be advisable for places where vehicles travel, for example, on the road near the entrance or near the garage. Above, you need to install cast iron or steel gratings. A reliable fastening system does not make it possible to change the position of the elements during the operational period.
With a relatively low weight, the products can withstand significant loads and differ in that they have high physical and technical properties, which means that the cost for them is completely indecent. But thanks to its smooth surface, the debris passes without difficulty, and if you perform a competent installation and periodically clean it, then you will have a drainage system that will last for many years.
Storm water inlet
Most often they are made of high-strength plastic or cast iron. The upper part has a grate that can take up the load, prevent the ingress of coarse debris and perform a decorative function. The grill is available in steel, plastic and cast iron.
Drainage grates
Although cast iron can be damaged by corrosion and requires regular painting, there are simply no alternatives in strength.
Now that all the components have been considered, you can go directly to the design of the drainage system.
The calculation of the system for a large area is carried out according to a hydro project, which will take into account all the nuances, even the smallest - precipitation intensity, landscape design, and so on. Based on this, the length and number of elements in the drainage system should be determined.
Rapid outflow of water through the canal helps provide sloped surfaces.
Such a slope can be organized using the following methods:
And now let's take a closer look at how to equip a storm drain.
Stages of the storm-type arrangement
If the system is on a concrete site, the markings should be done with chalk or sand.
The width of the trench should be at least 20 cm wider than the width of the tray (10 cm on each side). The depth under the gutters made of light material should be calculated taking into account that a sand cushion with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm will be created.
Under the concrete trays, first a layer of crushed stone should be laid, and then sand. Note that the drainage grid after installation should be located 0.3 cm below the surface. The bottom of the trench can be poured with lean concrete, but such actions should be performed only if there is no provision for road transport.
To do this, lay the trays in the trench and fix the spike-groove with each other using the fasteners. Most often, the product is marked with an arrow that indicates the direction of the water. If required, the joints can be completely sealed with polymer components.
Stages of arrangement of point type
The width of the pit must be equal to the size of the rain receiver container. It should be noted that the lattice should also be slightly below the very surface of the earth.
On top of it, a concrete mixture should be poured, the thickness of which will be 20 cm.
Rocky soils make it difficult to install standard size gutters.
Because of this, some manufacturers offer products with a shallow depth of insertion, in which the channel height is 9.5 cm.
With their help, it is possible to organize effective surface drainage with a minimum amount of earthworks.
Well-organized and timely installed drainage of water will help protect yourself from seasonal flooding of the foundation and green spaces, and will also give the landscape a well-groomed look. The cost of the arrangement quickly pays off, since the system is a way to extend the life of the house, reduces the cost of repairs and additional maintenance. The costly and time-consuming control of mold in the basement due to high humidity levels will also bypass you.
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