How to make a do-it-yourself foundation marking for a house and a bathhouse with your own hands - how to do it right + Video

Any house must be built on a solid foundation. Its durability depends on this and in order not to make the most common mistake, it is important to know how to correctly make the markup for the foundation.

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Project documents

Before starting the layout work, you must settle the issue with the project documents so that:

• there were no difficulties in the construction of the walls;
• construction materials were cheaper;
• not to face not very pleasant surprises.

When drawing up documentation and a project of a house, not only the texture of materials for construction is important, but also compliance with the parameters. With the slightest inaccuracies in the marking of the foundation, the likelihood of erecting a structure different from the project increases.

Preliminary measures:

• First, determine the planned location for the structure, if possible on a flat area.
• Decide on the type of foundation and its dimensions. The choice depends on the climatic conditions and the massiveness of the future home.

How to mark the corners?

Next, proceed to mark the first wall. To do this, you need a string or cord, pegs, tape measure and, ideally, a laser level (you can do without it).

There are several ways to create a right angle. We will cover two main ones.

The rule of the golden triangle

In order to build a right angle, let's recall the Pythagorean theorem.

In order to make a right angle between segments A and B, add the squares of their lengths and calculate the root of their sum ..

. The resulting number will be the length of the diagonal connecting these two segments. It is quite easy to calculate with a calculator.

As a rule, for marking the foundation, the length of the sides is taken such that when calculating the root, an integer is obtained. For example: 3 x 4 x 5; 6 x 8x 10.

Now let's try to do it practically.

First option: The rule of the golden triangle

For example, consider how to mark a rectangular foundation with dimensions of 6 x 8 m.

1. When marking the first side of the foundation, remember that if you want, for example, the foundation to be parallel to any side of the fence, then its first line must be made equidistant from the selected side. For the purpose of placing the first string, you can use rags. Make the distance between the rags for this side 14 m (add 3 m each between the rags and future corners).

   The first cord was pulled.

2. Now pull the second cord perpendicular to this. To do this, we fasten them with tape or brackets at the point of their intersection.
3. We begin to form a right angle according to the Pythagoras theorem. To do this, build a right-angled triangle with legs of 3 m and 4 m and a hypotenuse of 5 meters.

   To do this, measure 4 m from the point of intersection on the first twine, and 3 m on the second. We put marks in these places in any way.We connect the marks and measure the resulting hypotenuse with a tape measure.

4. If the triangle is really rectangular, then the marks will converge at a distance of 5 m.
5. Next, we will complete the rectangle.

   Put the lengths of the sides of the future foundation 6 m and 8 m on the cords, and put notes.

6. Now try to pull the third cord perpendicular to the first and fasten them at the 8 m mark.
7. Also, pull the fourth cord perpendicular to the second. We will fasten them at the 6 m mark.
8. We will make marks on the third cord 6 m and on the fourth 8 m.

9. To get a rectangle, the marks on the third and fourth cords must match. To do this, we will move them until they match.
10. Check our rectangle by measuring its diagonals. If they are equal, then we got the desired rectangle

Second option. Web.

1. First you need to cut pieces of twine along the length of the sides of the foundation. Let me remind you that we decided to mark the foundation with sides of 6 m by 8 m. We also need two diagonals, which in our case are equal to 10 m. Leave a margin of length on the strings to secure them.
2. Connect your spider web by holding the sides and diagonals together at the corners.

   It is not necessary to fasten the diagonals at the intersection.

3. Stretch the first string and create the first and second corners. Secure it with pegs.
4. Pull the diagonal string to the third corner. Try to keep the strings as tight and not sagging as possible.

   We fix the third corner, using a peg, and the first angle becomes right

5. By analogy, we stretch the fourth corner and fix it with a peg.

Methods of marking for various foundations

For strip foundations

When marking for strip foundations, it is imperative to do the margin of the length of the walls is about 1 m, since laying the foundation involves digging a pit, and when installing the stakes according to the exact dimensions, they will fall when digging.

For pile and columnar foundation

When marking this foundation, the above length margin is not needed, and its installation is much more difficult.

Marking is done using a two-tier raffle, where the lower tier is the level of the pillars, and the upper tier is the level of the grillage.

For the slab foundation

It is made the simplest in a way - we build a rectangle according to the size of the foundation according to the above theorem

In general, there is nothing complicated in marking up a slab foundation with our own hands.

The issue price is the cost of a cord, board, or pegs.