How to make fuel pellets? The crux of the matter of the value of wood waste fuel thermal pellets and where they are used- Review + Video

Why Fuel pellets and how are they convenient? In all industries that use natural raw materials, solving the problem of waste recycling is a topical issue. Woodworking is among such industrial branches. Manufacturing furniture, building materials, and initially logging produce a large amount of material that is not suitable for direct use.

Waste wood accumulating, occupies territories, decays, waste deposits create a fire hazard.

Why is it convenient?

It is not possible to use it as fuel in this state due to inconvenience of delivery.

The knots occupy a large volume, but in terms of the amount of material they fit little into the transport. Sawdust is scattered by the wind and they burn badly.

Convenience lies in the fact that the processing of this material in the required format will achieve good results in the use of woodworking industry waste.

The technology for the production of fuel pellets successfully solves most of this problem.

The crux of the issue of the importance of producing fuel from waste

As fuel, waste from wood is most easily used after processing it into a more convenient form.

Fuel pellets are formed granules. They are small in size, 10-15 mm in diameter and up to 50 mm in length. When forming, no artificial harmful substances are added to the composition. No dust forms on the surface of the material. The output is such a dense material that it has the ability to sink in water.

It can be transported by road and rail. It is convenient to ship it. They take up little space, but are transported in large volumes.

Materials

Suitable for production:

• Waste from logging. Twigs and branches, tops, dead wood spoiled by a bark beetle, small vegetation cut down to clean the hitch.

• Suitable for bark, wane parts, butt trimming in the production of lumber for construction.
• Unused parts of wood used for the manufacture of white goods.
• As an addition to the mass, the husk of seeds, waste of the peat industry, waste of processing for the seed of corn, pine and spruce cones, sunflower is used.
• Natural peat as an independent raw material for the manufacture of pellets.

Important! In any composition, the presence of coniferous material is necessary, due to the presence of resin in the wood.

It is the main adhesive for the production of granules.

The production of pellets is of great importance for maintaining a good level of environmental conditions. Areas of forest plantations are released to replenish their reserves. The level of threat of fires due to the accumulation of dead wood is reduced.

Production of thermal granules

The process of producing wood pellets can be conditionally divided into industrial and handicraft production.

Factory production

The technological process of the production of fuel pellets in the factory consists of several stages using special machines:

• The raw material enters the large-sized grinder to obtain chips.
• This material in the drying chamber, under the influence of hot air, is freed from excess moisture. Normally, it is necessary to achieve 10% moisture saturation for further production.
• The dried mass enters the apparatus for grinding it into wood flour.
• The grinding of the wood is delivered to the pressing unit.

  It is a mechanism consisting of two drums rotating in different directions with perforated walls and a press roll, which squeezes the contents of the chamber through the holes in the walls. The whole process of obtaining high-quality material occurs under the influence of high temperatures, reaching values ​​of 300 ⁰ C. This temperature is necessary for the separation of lingin resin from the raw material. She glues the composition.

• The resulting granules in the next stage are cooled with cold air.

  At the same time, this air stream cleans the material from unbound wood flour and directs it for recycling. The bulk of granules are obtained from clean objects.

• The final stage in the production of fuel pellets is their packing in airtight plastic packaging.

Self-production

DIY wood pellets can be obtained using two machines:

• Large pieces of wood into sawdust.
• Pressing machine.

  It consists of a heavy shaft with toothed gears at the ends and a bale chamber. At its base is a perforated sheet of metal. The shaft is driven by an electric motor. When rotating, the gears additionally grind the raw material. Material in the form of granules is squeezed out under pressure through the perforated sheet.

  The friction generated by the gears on the sawdust causes the wood to heat up and release resin to bond the substance.

Where wood pellets are used

The main direction of the use of pellets is to obtain thermal energy during their combustion. The efficiency of this material is greater than that of coal and natural gas and is 95%. Even the remaining ash is used to reduce the acidity of the soil in agriculture. This property is used for space heating and water heating in solid fuel boilers.

To automate the process of the next portion of granules entering the combustion chamber, special pellet boilers are produced. The principle of its operation is based on the constant supply of fuel from the storage hopper to the combustion chamber by means of a rotating auger.The rotation speed is calculated from the time of combustion of the portion in the chamber. Such a mechanism is necessary when organizing room heating as a continuous process.

Wood flour pellets are used for more than just heat.

They have a high ability to absorb liquid media. Therefore, they are used in other industries:

• In animal husbandry, as an environmentally friendly bedding material.
• In the production of fuels as an absorbent.
• For emergency response to collect pollutants.
• For filling filters for gas purification from sulfur.

• For fuel grills.
• As cat litter.

Conclusion

Granules made from wood are part of carbon exchange in the natural environment. During the combustion of pellets, an amount of CO is released equal to the absorbed volume. An equal amount of carbon dioxide is released during the complete decomposition of wood.

They are made from raw materials related to renewable sources of carbon fuels.

( 1 grade, average 5 of 5 )