Brick is a traditional building and cladding material used in the construction of residential buildings. The material has proven itself on the positive side and is in demand in many countries around the world. Modern manufacturers offer bricks that differ in composition, shape, linear dimensions and performance properties. The size of the silicate brick is different. About the features of the material and its application - today's material.
Silicate is environmentally friendly and safe building material - in this it is not inferior to the red (ceramic) analogue. Such a brick is made on the basis of air lime, quartz sand and water. Silicate has a low cost, high strength, convenient size and ease of use; therefore, mass production of this material is established in all progressive countries of the world.
Quartz sand in any brick takes 90%, the rest is accounted for by additives and lime. After pressing the components, they are fired.
The result is blocks that have the correct geometric shape. Silicate brick, dimensions 250x120x65 - is a universal building block.
The difference between silicate and other analogs lies in the special technology of its manufacture, in which raw blocks are processed with hot steam in an autoclave with temperatures up to 200 degrees and a pressure of 12 atm. With this effect, a strong adhesion of sand and lime molecules occurs, which ensures high strength of silicate blocks.
The correct geometric shape and size of blocks, before they are sent to the autoclave, is given with using a hydraulic press.
Brick acquires additional properties and color after adding modifying additives and dyes to the solution. This allows you to give the blocks any shape and color.
One-and-a-half silicate brick, the dimensions of which allow it to be used to solve many problems in the construction of residential buildings, is used as a facade finishing material and for the construction of walls of residential low-rise buildings.
Due to its excellent operational characteristics, silicate brick is widely used as facing facade material.
For these purposes, a white or colored material is purchased, which allows you to realize any design idea.
The size of sand-lime brick is standard.It is regulated by GOST and is presented in three forms:
Modern production, equipped with special equipment, allows you to make blocks of non-standard shapes, shades and sizes.
Due to the use of thickened and one-and-a-half silicate blocks in construction, it is possible to significantly speed up the process of wall erection and more economical use of cement slurry.
The main indicator of the efficiency that one-and-a-half silicate brick (dimensions 250x120x88) has in a cube pieces. For him, this value is 314 blocks per 1 cubic meter, for a single block - 414 pieces. The weight of the block depends on the type of brick - hollow or solid; from 4 to 4.2 kg.
Silicate hollow brick, the dimensions of which do not differ from the solid one, differ in less mass - the difference with a full-bodied block is from 15 to 20%. This property has a positive effect on reducing the weight of the structure being erected, and the load on the foundation. In addition, air-filled voids increase the sound and heat insulation properties of the walls without reducing their strength. When installing ventilated facades, I use solid blocks.
Using a one-and-a-half or double block in low-rise buildings, it is possible to obtain an attractive appearance of the facade, with this significantly reducing the cost of the material.
Smooth colored bricks are used both for facing facades and for erecting walls - subsequent decorative finishing is not required in this case.
Sand-lime brick
Silicate bricks, depending on the brand, have different strengths, but there are a number of positive properties characteristic of all silicate blocks:
It is possible to significantly increase the comfort in the premises through the use of modern window systems.
The size of white silicate bricks and their number in one square meter depends on whether it is one and a half or regular.
The disadvantages of silicate blocks include the following:
Due to the high water absorption, the brick will collapse when the air temperature drops.
The strength of the brick is indicated by its brand - the larger it is, the greater the strength of the block. So for the construction of buildings on one floor, they use silicate brick of the M75 brand, and for houses over one floor, they use the brick of the M100, M125 brands. More durable material is marked: M150, M175, M200, M250, M300.
Table 1. Properties of silicate bricks
Image | Size, mm | Weight, kg | Strength grade | Frost resistance | Thermal conductivity, W / m ° С |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
One and a half hollow | 250 x120 x88 | 3. 8 | M150 | F25 | 0. 7 |
One and a half full-bodied | 250 х120 х88 | 5 | M150 | F25 - 35 | 0. 77 |
Hollow volume-dyed | 250 x120 x88 | 3. 8 | M150 | F25 | 0. 7 |
Double hollow | 250 x120 x138 | 5. 8 | M150 | F25 | 0. 68 |
Single corpulent | 250 x120 x 65 | 3. 8 | M150 | F25 | 0. 7 |
One and a half split | 250 x 90 x 88 | 3. 8 | M150 | F25 - 35 | 0. 77 |
Sand-lime brick does not burn, as it does not contain flammable substances.
Pay Attention! Silicate is not used for the construction of basements and foundations due to the high degree of water absorption of the stone.
The cost of silicate bricks makes this material attractive in frequent housing construction.
Table 2. The cost of sand-lime brick
Name | Name | Brand | Average cost as of February 2019, rubles / piece |
---|---|---|---|
Brick single silicate solid | Single solid silicate brick | М150 | 17 |
Solid silicate brick | Solid silicate brick | M200 | 16 |
Single-bodied silicate brick | Single-bodied silicate brick | M150 | 17 |
One-and-a-half solid silicate bricks | One-and-a-half solid silicate bricks | M200 | 22 |
Silicate facing brick solid single white smooth | Silicate cladding brick solid single white smooth | М150 | 13 |
To lay out a structure of silicate bricks, as noted earlier, do not special skills, knowledge and an expensive tool are needed.
The work process is no different from the construction of walls from another block material.
During the work, you will need to use the following tools:
A solution container is also required.
Expert advice! Silicate pre-soaked in water will not absorb moisture from the solution during installation.
From how correct pull the cord, the evenness of the wall will depend.
To do this, it is fixed between the two extreme bricks. It is important to ensure that it is located parallel to the previous row - this will speed up the process and ensure the quality of the wall being erected.
Blocks can be stacked in any of two ways: "press-on" and "sticky". In the first case, a hard solution is used, with which all the seams are filled. This method allows you to create the most durable and reliable structure, although it takes more time.
In the second case, the joints are partially filled with plastic mortar. Brick laying in this case is faster, but not as high quality as in the first case. In order for the structure to be durable, it is additionally reinforced with plaster.
Building level
Knowing how to lay brick correctly, you will be able to independently build various residential and outbuildings from this material on your site.
To make the design as strong and reliable as possible, you should not neglect the advice of experienced craftsmen who know about the nuances of working with this material.
Here are some recommendations that will allow you not to make annoying mistakes:
Posted By: Work Style |10, Nov 2020
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Posted By: Work Style |10, Nov 2020
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