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In the process of building houses, cottages, different types of heaters are used.

And if you build or reconstruct your own home, sooner or later you will be faced with the question of which insulation to choose?

Today, there is a huge selection of manufacturers and brands of insulation on the building materials market.

All of them are intended for insulation of walls, roofs, facades, floor coverings and much more.

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Technical parameters of heaters

Characteristics :

• density
• thermal conductivity
• weight
• dimensions (length, width, thickness)
• flammability
• vapor permeability
• water absorption and many others .

  ..

The main parameter of the characteristics of the insulation, which will be discussed in our article today, is density. The density of the insulation varies from 11 to 400 kg / m3.

Classification of insulation by the level of density

Usually everyone remembers the physics of the school and associates the density of the insulation with weight and mass.

The heavier - the better, but this is not always true, based on what factors and what operating conditions.

The choice of insulation directly depends on the budget, no matter how paradoxical it sounds, and of course the load on the structure as a whole or on a certain element.

According to the density of the material, the following classification is distinguished:

Extra light

These include polystyrene (expanded polystyrene), has a porous structure.

Designed for insulation in the cavity of walls, partitions, for unloaded elements of the house.

Lightweight

These are mineral wool based insulation.

They have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. It is widely used in the construction of private houses and cottages.

Medium

These types usually include foam glass. It is in the form of blocks and slabs, with high thermal and noise insulation properties. It is not widely used in Russia.

Dense or hard

They also include rock wool, tightly pressed under high pressure. This type of insulation is used for outdoor work, it is resistant to moisture and mechanical stress.

What density of insulation to choose?

This question is often encountered in the process of building buildings, here you should rely on the norms provided for construction.

Up to 100 kg / m3

1. Heaters with a density of 11 to 35 kg / m3. They have a low specific gravity, belong to the light types of insulation, and are also very elastic.

   Recommended for use on roofs and roofs.

2. Heaters with a density of 35 to 75 kg / m3. It is used for thermal insulation of internal partitions, ceilings and walls of various shapes. It is widely used for insulating walls of frame houses.
3. Heaters with a density of 75 to 100 kg / m3 .

   This type of insulation is widely used for wrapping ventilation pipes and heating mains, oil pipelines.

From 100 to 150 kg / m3

1. Heaters with a density of 100 to 125 kg / m3. For facades, they must be ventilated or siding.
2. Heaters with a density of 125 to 150 kg / m3 . It is used to insulate walls made of reinforced concrete, bricks, as well as floors.

From 150

1. Heaters with a density of 150 to 175 kg / m3 . They are used for covering load-bearing structures.
2. Heaters with a density of 175 to 225 kg / m3 . Due to its characteristics, it is used under a screed or as a roughing layer under a finishing floor covering. Such materials are highly resistant to combustion.

The main characteristics of the insulation

As we all understand, most of the characteristics are related. So, for example, thermal conductivity and density are not directly related to each other, as it seems at first glance.

It all depends on the structure of the material, so if we consider expanded polystyrene, then it consists of air balls in the structure of expanded polystyrene and therefore the change in density has practically no effect on thermal conductivity.

And if we take with you mineral wool, which is based on basalt fibers.

Then it consists of fibers that are intertwined, and there is air between them, that is, the greater the density, the less free air and, accordingly, the thermal conductivity is higher.

Soundproofing

Soundproofing directly depends on the density, the less the material air permeability, the better the sound absorption.

That is, the denser the material, the better, but such material weighs a lot and is difficult to process and it is inconvenient to work with it. But manufacturers have made specialized brands of insulation for internal sound insulation.

Isover, Rockwool made insulation from glass wool with the thinnest and longest threads, as well as basalt insulation with randomly twisted fibers and the density of such materials is about 50 kg / m3.

There are also grades with non-uniform stiffness, one side is sealed from the outside, and the other soft on the inside.

The density and thickness of the insulation has a direct relationship. That is, for different types of floors, different insulation materials are required, both in thickness and in terms of density of thermal insulation and noise insulation .

From here we conclude that the thickness depends on its application:

• For the roof - 20-30 cm.
• For the basement - 5 -15 cm.

• For the attic - 10-15 cm.
• For external walls - 5-10 cm.

Comparison of heaters

And now we will compare some heaters.

Mineral wool

One of the universal materials, the density varies from 30 to 200 kg / m3.

It is used for finishing almost all structural elements of buildings. Produced in the water of slabs, mats, rolls.

Most of the large producers of mineral wool (Technonikol, Knauf, Izorok) produce mineral insulation.

There are also manufacturers who produce mineral wool with certain characteristics.

Ursa, Knauf produce materials with a density of 11 to 35 kg / m3, which are suitable only for roofing work.

Foamed polyethylene

It has a density of up to 25 kg / m3, is used as a substrate for a finishing floor covering. There are options using foil, they have a density of about 55 kg / m3, they are mainly used for walls.

Styrofoam

Density of foam ranges from 80 to 160 kg / m3, it is used for insulation of walls, floors, where sufficient strength is required. Available in various sizes of slabs.

It must be remembered that for each object under construction, individual calculations are made on the choice of insulation.

We recommend buying insulation from time-tested manufacturers.

Price

( 1 grade, average 2 of 5 )