What types of sandwich wall panels for house construction are there? Types of locks and their advantages + Video

Sandwich panels are called today a whole group of building materials. They got this name for their design, which resembles a multilayer sandwich.

They are actively and successfully used for civil and other types of construction. With the help of such "blanks" you can quickly and relatively cheaply build a cottage, a country house or any outbuilding. They can insulate a finished building with high quality.

What types of sandwich panels come to the market and what are their main differences?

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A special type of building material, which is interconnected layers that differ from each other, is called sandwich panels.

Usually this is a structure consisting of a facing and an inner layer, between which insulation is laid.

Sandwich panels with OSB boards

In OSB-based panels, oriented strand board (OSB) plays the role of outer and inner layers.

Characteristics

What ensures the working parameters of the "sandwich"?

• excellent compression and bending strength of the material,
• resistance to various mechanical influences,
• good moisture resistance.

The finished product may look quite fragile, but it has excellent strength:

• horizontal load on each of its square meters such a sandwich - the panels can easily withstand four hundred kilograms;
• vertical, however, can reach three thousand kilograms per one running meter.

If we take strength and durability as the main characteristic of building materials, then, perhaps, only brick and concrete will be able to outstrip the joint venture. Due to their compliance with fire safety requirements, panels are successfully used in capital construction. Today, it is already quite customary to erect buildings from such materials for permanent residence.

Filling

What can serve as a filling for such joint ventures? Definitely, this is a heat-insulating material, but its types can be different.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is usually used, produced in plates thermal insulation organic material .

Such boards do not absorb moisture, have excellent performance characteristics that provide the required level of sound and heat insulation.

Mineral wool

Recently, in the production of sandwich panels, spread was mineral wool . Its thermal conductivity coefficient is slightly higher than that of polystyrene.

But, unlike the latter, she is afraid of moisture. If it gets into such a heater, it runs the risk of saying goodbye to its working properties.

Dimensions

Individual components of the joint venture are glued manually or on automated lines - this is how they are produced.

Manufacturers of sandwich panels make them in several sizes: they are standard and correspond to the sizes of OSB.

And it has the following indicators:

• the width of the sandwich panels is 2.4 m or 1.2 m,
• the length is from 2.

  4 meters to 7.3,

• The thickness of sandwich panels is from 10 to 30 cm, depending on the area of ​​application and purpose.

Thickness depends on the climatic conditions of the region for which the material is intended and on the specific application.

Advantages compared to other materials

One square meter of the product weighs 18 kg.

Thermal properties of walls made of joint ventures with a thickness of only 18 cm coincide with those of a one and a half meter brick wall. Impressive?

The material is successfully used in a huge temperature range: it is not afraid of frost in -60, or heat up to 50 degrees. All types of sandwich panels can be connected to each other by fastening under a key or special long self-tapping screws (up to 30 cm).

Where is the joint venture most often used?

1. They are actively used in the construction of structures and buildings using frame technology .
2. Roofing can be made of them.

3. Walls and internal partitions are excellent.
   Plaster of any type fits perfectly on such panels. Other finishing materials go well with them, so there are no problems with either the outer or the inner finishing of their surface. It is not difficult to process JV from OSB board.

Even if you do not have chainsaw , then using a simple hand-held electric saw, you can change the shape of the product, accurately and quickly cutting them according to the marked marks.

The dwelling house built from such material is distinguished by smooth corners and walls, it is warm enough and comfortable to live in.

Due to the lightness of the joint venture, construction does not require specialized construction equipment, and a large team is also not needed. It is quite possible to get by with the forces of several people.

An added bonus is that such a structure does not need an expensive buried foundation . This technology can significantly reduce construction costs compared to traditional ones.

Characteristics of metal sandwich panels

Outer layers

Usually it is profiled or smooth thin sheet galvanized steel. Its thickness is one and a half millimeters, a special polymer coating is applied to the surface.

The metal sheet can have a trapezoidal or wavy profile. The height of the grooves or waves can be less or more, depending on the type of profile panel.

Decking with a small wave height is usually used for wall panels. Roofing materials have completely different features - they are characterized by higher ribs.

Inner layers

Mineral wool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam are placed between metal sheets as insulation. The layers are connected to each other using a special two-component glue.

Polyurethane foam has one of the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients, which is related to its density.

In addition, it has excellent waterproofing properties.

The material is sprayed in the form of a foam that hardens when dry and adheres firmly to the insulated surface. Due to such qualities of polyurethane foam, it is very convenient to use it in the manufacture of joint ventures. First, the required amount of the product is foamed onto a sheet of metal: while it is polymerizing and foaming, it is covered with another sheet of corrugated board.

Methods of fastening

A solid monolithic structure of the panel with metal layers is connected special lock.

It provides them with the most snug fit and preservation of all heat-shielding characteristics.

Sandwich panels with metal components are divided into two types:

• with a closed fastening method,
• with an open fastening method.

The Hidden Castle is considered the best.
The peculiarity of its design is that the cladding with its protruding part covers the panel fasteners and the joint itself. Due to this, atmospheric moisture and cold air will not penetrate through the joints of the panels, thus, they will not form cold bridges.

The open type of fastening of such panels is much simpler.
This is a special PAZ spike connection, which may differ in the depth of the groove itself and in its configuration. In general, the joint places are often the weak points of the structure: moisture can enter them through the joints, deteriorating the thermal insulation properties of the insulation.

The alternation of freezing followed by defrosting can cause the destruction of both the insulating layer itself and the entire sandwich itself.

The enclosing structures, walls and roofs of such buildings can be erected just from such material.

In capital construction, sandwich panels made of metal are not used, since such a dwelling would not meet the required standards of comfortable living for a person.

But for garages, temporary structures, outbuildings and industrial hangars, this material is simply irreplaceable.

Construction of a frame house from sandwich panels

Most often this material is used in the construction of the following objects:

• warehouses, hangars, industrial buildings ;
• coffee shops, snack bars, cafes, various retail outlets from tiny pavilions to giant hypermarkets;
• various sports facilities and clubs;
• agricultural buildings;
• specialized institutions for the provision of personal services.

As for their purpose, all panels can be subdivided into:

1. wall decorative,
2. wall smooth,
3. roofing, profiled on both sides,
4. roofing, profiled only from the outside.

Moreover, such panels are suitable not only for fine construction. They can be used as a restoration material that significantly improves the appearance of the building and its technical characteristics.

Their thermal insulation qualities are so good that panels are often used to equip large refrigeration systems.

Sandwich panels of different types can be transported in any vehicle, provided that the original packaging is preserved. Of course, the material must be carefully secured so that it does not move around the body and does not hit the sides of the car.